Editing Sufism (section)

= Sufism =
'''Sufism''' is the mystical and spiritual dimension of Islam, focused on the inner path of purification, love, and direct experience of the Divine. It is often described as Islamic mysticism, though its practices and expressions vary widely across regions and traditions.

Sufism emphasizes the development of the heart, the remembrance of God, and the transformation of the self.

== Overview ==
Sufism is not a separate religion but a spiritual path within Islam. It seeks to deepen the relationship between the individual and God (Allah) through devotion, discipline, and inner awareness.

Practitioners of Sufism are often called '''Sufis'''.

== Core Concepts ==

=== Tawhid (Unity of God) ===
Tawhid is the fundamental Islamic principle that there is no god but God. In Sufism, this is often experienced as the unity and oneness underlying all existence.

=== Tazkiyah (Purification of the Self) ===
Sufism emphasizes the purification of the ego (nafs), removing traits such as pride, anger, and attachment.

=== Dhikr (Remembrance of God) ===
Dhikr involves the repeated remembrance of God through prayer, chanting, or silent contemplation. It is central to Sufi practice.

=== Ihsan (Spiritual Excellence) ===
Ihsan refers to worshipping God as though one sees Him, cultivating deep awareness and sincerity.

== The Path of the Self ==
Sufi teachings often describe stages of inner development:

* The commanding self (nafs al-ammara)
* The self-reproaching self (nafs al-lawwama)
* The tranquil self (nafs al-mutma'inna)

These stages represent the transformation from ego-centered existence to spiritual peace.

== Practices ==
Common Sufi practices include:

* Dhikr (remembrance of God, often rhythmic chanting)
* Meditation and contemplation
* Poetry and devotional music (e.g., qawwali)
* Spiritual guidance under a teacher (sheikh or murshid)
* Service and humility

== Sufi Orders (Tariqas) ==
Sufism is organized into spiritual lineages called '''tariqas''', each led by a master and tracing teachings back to the Prophet Muhammad. Examples include:

* Naqshbandi Order
* Qadiriyya Order
* Mevlevi Order (associated with the whirling dervishes)
* Chishti Order

== Notable Figures ==
Sufism has produced many influential poets and mystics, such as:

* Jalal ad-Din Rumi
* Al-Ghazali
* Ibn Arabi
* Rabia al-Basri

== Themes in Sufism ==
Common themes in Sufi teachings include:

* Divine love
* Self-annihilation in God (fana)
* Subsistence in God (baqa)
* Inner knowledge beyond formal ritual
* Unity of existence (various interpretations)

== See Also ==

* [[Islam]]
* [[Mysticism]]
* [[Meditation]]
* [[Consciousness]]
* [[Non-duality]]